Scientific Studies

Here at Apex Nutrition we back all of our claims with scientific evidence to provide our customers with accurate and informative data.

Here is a comprehensive list of all the studies done and mentioned on this website:

STUDIES DONE ON TESTOSTERONE DECLINE

Multiple studies have documented a decline in men's testosterone levels over the past several decades. Here are some key findings:

• Population-Level Decline in Serum Testosterone Levels in American Men: A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism analyzed data from men aged 45 to 79 over a 17-year period. The researchers observed a substantial age-independent decline in testosterone levels not attributable to health or lifestyle factors. The findings suggest a population-level decrease in testosterone over calendar time, independent of aging.

  Oxford Academic

   

• Declining Testosterone Levels in Men Not Part of Normal Aging: Research summarized by ScienceDaily indicates that drops in testosterone levels over time are more likely due to behavioral and health changes, such as obesity and depression, rather than aging alone. This underscores the impact of lifestyle factors on hormone levels.

  ScienceDaily

   

• Testosterone Levels Show Steady Decrease Among Young U.S. Men: An article in Urology Times reports on a study analyzing serum testosterone changes from 1999 to 2016 in adolescent and young adult males. The study found a significant decline in total testosterone levels, even among men with normal body mass index, suggesting factors beyond obesity are contributing to this trend.

  Urology Times

   

These studies collectively highlight a concerning trend of declining testosterone levels in men, influenced by a combination of environmental, lifestyle, and possibly other unidentified factors.

STUDIES DONE ON THE EFFECTS OF TONGKAT ALI (PHYSTA AND LJ-100) ON TESTOSTERONE AND FREE TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

Several studies have investigated the effects of Physta®(LJ-100), a standardized water-soluble extract of Eurycoma longifolia (commonly known as Tongkat Ali), on increasing free and total testosterone levels. Here is a list of notable studies, including the one you mentioned:

1. Efficacy and safety of Eurycoma longifolia (Physta®) water extract plus multivitamins on quality of life, mood, and stress: a randomized placebo-controlled and parallel study

   • Authors: Annie George, Jay Udani, Nurhayati Zainal Abidin, Ashril Yusof
   • Published in: Food & Nutrition Research, 2018
   • Summary: This 24-week study involved 93 participants aged 25–65 years. The group receiving 50 mg of Physta® combined with multivitamins daily showed significant improvements in quality of life, mood, and stress levels compared to the placebo group. Additionally, there was a notable increase in testosterone levels among the participants.
   • Link to study

2. Effect of Eurycoma longifolia standardised aqueous root extract Physta® on testosterone levels and quality of life in ageing male subjects: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled multicentre study

   • Authors: Kai Quin Chan, Claire Stewart, Neil Chester, Sareena H. Hamzah, Ashril Yusof
   • Published in: Andrologia, 2021
   • Summary: This study evaluated 105 men aged 50–70 with low testosterone levels. Participants received either 100 mg or 200 mg of Physta® daily for 12 weeks. Both dosages resulted in significant increases in total testosterone levels, with the 200 mg group experiencing a more pronounced effect. Improvements in quality of life and reductions in aging symptoms were also observed.
   • Link to study

3. Tongkat Ali as a potential herbal supplement for physically active male and female seniors: a pilot study

   • Authors: Ralf Henkel, Robert Wang, Susan Bassett, Tong Chen, Ning Liu, Yung-Chi Cheng, Mohd Ismail Tambi
   • Published in: Phytotherapy Research, 2014
   • Summary: This pilot study involved 13 men and 12 women aged 57–72 who were given 400 mg of Physta® daily for 5 weeks. Results indicated significant increases in both total and free testosterone levels in both genders. Additionally, participants exhibited enhanced muscular strength, suggesting the ergogenic benefits of Physta® supplementation.
   • Link to study

4. Effect of Tongkat Ali on stress hormones and psychological mood state in moderately stressed subjects

   • Authors: Shawn M. Talbott, Julie A. Talbott, Annie George, Mike Pugh
   • Published in: Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2013
   • Summary: In this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 63 moderately stressed individuals (32 men and 31 women) received 200 mg of Physta® daily for 4 weeks. The supplementation led to a 37% increase in testosterone levels and a 16% reduction in cortisol levels, indicating improved stress hormone profiles. Participants also reported reductions in tension, anger, and confusion.
   • Link to study

These studies collectively demonstrate the potential of Physta® (LJ-100) Tongkat Ali in enhancing both free and total testosterone levels, along with additional benefits such as improved quality of life, reduced stress, and increased muscle strength.

STUDIES DONE ON THE EFFECTS OF BORON ON TESTOSTERONE AND FREE TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

1. Effects of Boron Supplementation on Plasma Steroid Hormones and Proinflammatory Cytokines in Healthy Male Subjects

   • Authors: Naghii MR, Mofid M, Asgari AR, Hedayati M, Daneshpour MS
   • Published in: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 2011
   • Summary: This study investigated the impact of daily 10 mg boron supplementation for one week in eight healthy male volunteers. Results indicated a significant increase in free testosterone levels and a decrease in estradiol levels.
   • Link to study

2. Comparative Effects of Daily and Weekly Boron Supplementation on Plasma Steroid Hormones and Proinflammatory Cytokines

   • Authors: Naghii MR, Samman S
   • Published in: Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 1997
   • Summary: This study examined the effects of boron supplementation on plasma steroid hormones in healthy male subjects. Findings suggested that boron supplementation could influence steroid hormone levels, including testosterone.
   • Link to study

3. The Effect of Boron Supplementation on Lean Body Mass, Plasma Testosterone Levels, and Strength in Male Bodybuilders

   • Authors: Ferrando AA, Green NR
   • Published in: International Journal of Sport Nutrition, 1993
   • Summary: This study assessed the impact of 2.5 mg/day boron supplementation over seven weeks in male bodybuilders. Results showed no significant increase in testosterone levels compared to the placebo group.
   • Link to study

4. Dietary Boron, Brain Function, and Cognitive Performance

   • Author: Penland JG
   • Published in: Environmental Health Perspectives, 1994
   • Summary: This study explored the role of boron in human brain function and cognitive performance, indicating that boron may influence cognitive processes.
   • Link to study

5. Nothing Boring About Boron

   • Author: Pizzorno L
   • Published in: Integrative Medicine: A Clinician's Journal, 2015
   • Summary: This review highlights various health benefits of boron, including its potential role in hormone regulation and bone health.
   • Link to study

STUDIES DONE ON THE EFFECTS OF FADOGIA AGRESTIS ON TESTOSTERONE AND FREE TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

• Aphrodisiac potentials of the aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis (Schweinf. ex Hiern) stem in male albino rats

  • Authors: Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT
  • Published in: Asian Journal of Andrology, 2005
  • Summary: This study administered aqueous extracts of Fadogia agrestis stem to male rats at doses of 18, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight daily for five days. Results indicated significant increases in testosterone levels and enhanced sexual behavior in the treated rats.
  • Link to study

• Effects of oral administration of aqueous extract of Fadogia agrestis stem on some testicular function indices of male rats

  • Authors: Yakubu MT, Akanji MA, Oladiji AT
  • Published in: Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2008
  • Summary: This research evaluated the impact of Fadogia agrestis on testicular function in male rats. Findings revealed that the extract increased testicular weight and improved spermatogenic activities, suggesting a potential role in enhancing male fertility.
  • Link to study

STUDIES DONE ON THE EFFECTS OF RHODIOLA ROSEA ON TESTOSTERONE AND FREE TESTOSTERONE LEVELS

• Rhodiola rosea Endocrine and Reproductive Effects

  • Summary: This review discusses various animal studies indicating that Rhodiola may enhance thyroid function, protect adrenal glands, and exhibit anabolic effects similar to low-dose testosterone. However, these findings are primarily from animal models, and their applicability to humans remains uncertain.
    Link to Study

• Rhodiola for Testosterone - Supplements in Review

  • Summary: This article reviews studies suggesting that Rhodiola may help maintain testosterone levels by reducing stress and cortisol. However, direct evidence of Rhodiola significantly increasing testosterone in humans is limited.
    Link to Study

STUDIES ON TESTOSTERONE INCREASING MUSCLE MASS AND INCREASING MUSCLE PROTEIN SYNTHESIS

A 1996 study by Bhasin et al. investigated the effects of supraphysiologic doses of testosterone on muscle size and strength in healthy men. Participants were divided into four groups:

1. Placebo without exercise
2. Testosterone without exercise
3. Placebo with exercise
4. Testosterone with exercise

The group receiving testosterone without exercise experienced a significant increase in fat-free mass, averaging approximately 6.6 pounds (3 kg) over 10 weeks. This finding indicates that testosterone supplementation alone can enhance muscle mass without the addition of resistance training.

Regarding protein synthesis, testosterone administration has been shown to increase muscle protein synthesis rates. A study published in the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism reported that testosterone administration increased muscle protein synthesis in healthy men.

These studies suggest that testosterone supplementation can lead to significant increases in muscle mass, even without exercise, and that it enhances muscle protein synthesis, contributing to more effective workouts.

STUDIES ON TESTOSTERONES EFFECTS ON LIBIDO, SEXUAL PERFORMANCE, MOOD AND COGNITIVE BENEFITS

Testosterone plays a significant role in various aspects of male health, including sexual performance, mood, and cognitive functions. Below are studies supporting these claims:

1. Testosterone and Sexual Performance

A study published in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism examined the relationship between testosterone levels and libido in aging men. The findings indicated a significant association between testosterone levels and sexual desire, suggesting that testosterone drives sexual performance and desire.

2. Testosterone's Impact on Mood, Focus, and Confidence

Research has shown that testosterone influences mood and behavior. A study in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism investigated the effects of testosterone on mood and sexual behavior in young men. The results demonstrated that testosterone administration affected mood positively, indicating that higher testosterone levels contribute to better mood, focus, and confidence.

These studies highlight the crucial role of testosterone in enhancing libido, mood, and cognitive functions, which are essential for optimal performance in various aspects of life.